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Monday, September 17, 2018

How to Create a Graph in Excel ?

September 17, 2018 , , No comments :


How to Create a Graph in Excel ?

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Steps


  1. Open Microsoft Excel. Its app icon resembles a green box with a white "X" on it.

  2. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 2
    2
    Click Blank workbook. It's a white box in the upper-left side of the window.

  3. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 3
    3
    Consider the type of graph you want to make. There are three basic types of graph that you can create in Excel, each of which works best for certain types of data:
    • Bar - Displays one or more sets of data using vertical bars. Best for listing differences in data over time or comparing two similar sets of data.
    • Line - Displays one or more sets of data using horizontal lines. Best for showing growth or decline in data over time.
    • Pie - Displays one set of data as fractions of a whole. Best for showing a visual distribution of data.

  4. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 4
    4
    Add your graph's headers. The headers, which determine the labels for individual sections of data, should go in the top row of the spreadsheet, starting with cell B1 and moving right from there.
    • For example, to create a set of data called "Number of Lights" and another set called "Power Bill", you would type Number of Lights into cell B1 and Power Bill into C1
    • Always leave cell A1 blank.

  5. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 5
    5
    Add your graph's labels. The labels that separate rows of data go in the A column (starting in cell A2). Things like time (e.g., "Day 1", "Day 2", etc.) are usually used as labels.
    • For example, if you're comparing your budget with your friend's budget in a bar graph, you might label each column by week or month.
    • You should add a label for each row of data.

  6. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 6
    6
    Enter your graph's data. Starting in the cell immediately below your first header and immediately to the right of your first label (most likely B2), enter the numbers that you want to use for your graph.
    • You can press the Tab ↹ key once you're done typing in one cell to enter the data and jump one cell to the right if you're filling in multiple cells in a row.

  7. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 7
    7
    Select your data. Click and drag your mouse from the top-left corner of the data group (e.g., cell A1) to the bottom-right corner, making sure to select the headers and labels as well.

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    8
    Click the Insert tab. It's near the top of the Excel window. Doing so will open a toolbar below the Insert tab.

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    9
    Select a graph type. In the "Charts" section of the Insert toolbar, click the visual representation of the type of graph that you want to use. A drop-down menu with different options will appear.
    • A bar graph resembles a series of vertical bars.
    • A line graph resembles two or more squiggly lines.
    • A pie graph resembles a sectioned-off circle.

  10. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 10
    10
    Select a graph format. In your selected graph's drop-down menu, click a version of the graph (e.g., 3D) that you want to use in your Excel document. The graph will be created in your document.
    • You can also hover over a format to see a preview of what it will look like when using your data.

  11. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 11
    11
    Add a title to the graph. Double-click the "Chart Title" text at the top of the chart, then delete the "Chart Title" text, replace it with your own, and click a blank space on the graph.
    • On a Mac, you'll instead click the Design tab, click Add Chart Element, select Chart Title, click a location, and type in the graph's title.

  12. Image titled Create a Graph in Excel Step 12
    12
    Save your document. To do so:
    • Windows - Click File, click Save As, double-click This PC, click a save location on the left side of the window, type the document's name into the "File name" text box, and click Save.
    • Mac - Click File, click Save As..., enter the document's name in the "Save As" field, select a save location by clicking the "Where" box and clicking a folder, and click Save.

Saturday, September 15, 2018

How to make bootable pendrive ?

September 15, 2018 , , No comments :

How to Make a USB Bootable

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Four Methods:
Using Command Prompt on WindowsUsing
Terminal on Mac
Using the Windows 10 Installation Tool
Using the Windows 7 Installation Tool
This article teaches you how to turn a USB flash drive into a location from which a computer can install or start an operating system. This is useful when attempting to install an operating system (e.g., Windows) on a computer that doesn't have a CD/DVD reader. You can make a USB bootable on a Windows or Mac computer by using Command Prompt or Terminal, both of which are free programs. If you want to make a bootable USB drive for the latest version of Windows 10 or 7, you can use the Windows 10 or 7 installation tool to format your USB drive. Keep in mind that you don't need a USB drive to install new versions of Mac OS.

Quick Summary

1. Run the command prompt as an administrator.
2. Type "diskpart" and press "enter."
3. Type "list disk" and press "enter."
4. Type "select disk " and press "enter."
5. Type "clean" and press "enter."
6. Type "create partition primary" and press "enter."
7. Type "select partition 1" and press "enter."
8. Type "active" and press "enter."
9. Type three curly brackets, 1, and then three more curly brackets ("{{{1}}}") and press "enter."
10. Type "assign" and press "enter."

1
Using Command Prompt on Windows

  1. 1
    Insert a USB flash drive into your computer. Your USB flash drive should plug into one of the rectangular USB ports on your computer's housing. Flash drives only fit one way, so don't force the drive if it doesn't fit.
    • The USB flash drive should be at least 8 gigabytes in space so that it can accommodate most operating system installation files.
  2. 2
    Open Start 
    Image titled Windowsstart.png
     . Click the Windows logo in the bottom-left corner of the screen.
  3. 3
    Type in command prompt. This will search your computer for the Command Prompt program.
  4. 4
    Right-click Command Prompt 
    Image titled Windowscmd1.png
     . It's a black box at the top of the Start window. This will prompt a drop-down menu.
    • If your mouse doesn't have a right-click button, click the right side of the mouse, or use two fingers to click the mouse.
    • If your computer uses a trackpad instead of a mouse, use two fingers to tap the trackpad or press the bottom-right side of the trackpad.
  5. 5
    Click Run as administrator. It's in the drop-down menu.
  6. 6
    Click Yes when prompted. This will confirm your decision and open Command Prompt.
  7. 7
    Enter the "partition" command. Type in diskpart and then press ↵ Enter to do so.
    • You may be prompted to confirm this decision before proceeding.
  8. 8
    Bring up a list of connected drives. Type list disk into Command Prompt, then press ↵ Enter.
  9. 9
    Find your USB flash drive. Look for your flash drive's name, letter, or size in gigabytes to identify it.
    • If you don't know which one is your flash drive, unplug your flash drive, run the "disk list" command, plug back in your flash drive, run the "disk list" command yet again, and figure out which disk was absent the first time that you ran the "disk list" command.
    • The flash drive is usually the bottom disk in this menu.
  10. 10
    Select your flash drive. Type select disk number into Command Prompt—making sure to replace "number" with the flash drive's number as presented in the list—and then press ↵ Enter.
  11. 11
    Erase the flash drive's contents. Type in clean and then press ↵ Enter.
  12. 12
    Create a new partition on the flash drive. To do so:
    • Type in create partition primary and press ↵ Enter
    • Type in select partition 1 and press ↵ Enter
    • Type in active and press ↵ Enter
  13. 13
    Format the flash drive. Type format fs=fat32 quick into Command Prompt, then press ↵ Enter.
    • If you encounter an error in the USB creation, repeat this process using the format fs=ntfs quick command instead.
  14. 14
    Assign a letter to the USB drive. Type in assign and press ↵ Enter. You should see a confirmation message appear in the Command Prompt window.
  15. 15
    Close the Command Prompt window(s). Your USB drive is now bootable, meaning that you can place an operating system's ISO file or an image of your computer's hard drive on the USB drive in order to install it on another computer.

2
Using Terminal on Mac

  1. 1
    Insert a USB flash drive into your computer. Your USB flash drive should plug into one of the rectangular or oval USB or USB-C ports on your computer's housing. Traditional flash drives only fit one way, so don't force the drive if it doesn't fit.
    • If your Mac uses USB-C ports, your USB-C flash drive should fit any way in which you insert it.
    • The USB flash drive should be at least 8 gigabytes in space so that it can accommodate most operating system installation files.
  2. 2
    Make sure that you have an ISO file. If you want to create a bootable USB drive on a Mac, you'll need to have an ISO file (or an image file, if you're backing up your computer's hard drive) ready to drag and drop into Terminal.
    • This is different than how Windows handles bootable flash drives, since you can make a flash drive bootable and then save it for later when using Windows.
  3. 3
    Open Spotlight 
    Image titled Macspotlight.png
     . Click the magnifying glass icon in the top-right corner of the screen. A search bar will appear.
  4. 4
    Type in terminal. This will search your Mac for the Terminal application.
  5. 5
    Double-click Terminal 
    Image titled Macterminal.png
     . It's a black box in the middle of the Spotlight search results. Doing so will open Terminal.
  6. 6
    Open a list of connected drives. Type diskutil list into Terminal, then press ⏎ Return.
  7. 7
    Find your USB drive. Look for the USB drive that you plugged into your computer, then look at the USB drive's name under the "IDENTIFIER" heading. You'll usually find your USB drive under the "(external, physical)" heading near the bottom of the Terminal window.
    • Your USB flash drive's name under the "IDENTIFIER" heading will normally be something like "disk1" or "disk2".
  8. 8
    Select the USB drive. Type diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disknumber—making sure to replace "disknumber" with the disk's "IDENTIFIER" name and number (e.g., disk2)—into Terminal, then press ⏎ Return.
  9. 9
    Enter the formatting command. Type in sudo dd if= but don't press the ⏎ Return key just yet.
  10. 10
    Drag the ISO file into the Terminal window. Click and drag the ISO file (or disk image file) that you want to boot into using the USB drive into the Terminal window. This will copy the file's address into the Terminal command.
    • You can also type in the folder path to the ISO file.
  11. 11
    Press the Space key. This will put a space at the end of the file's address, making room for the next command.
  12. 12
    Enter the rest of the command. Type in of=/dev/disknumber bs=1m, again making sure to replace "disknumber" with the USB flash drive's number (e.g., disk2), and press ⏎ Return.
  13. 13
    Type in your password. This is the password that you use to log into your Mac. As you type, you'll notice that the letters don't appear in Terminal; this is normal.
  14. 14
    Press ⏎ Return. Doing so submits your password and prompts your Mac to begin creating a bootable USB flash drive with your selected ISO or image file.
    • This process can take several hours to complete, so just leave Terminal open and your Mac plugged in.

3
Using the Windows 10 Installation Tool

  1. 1
    Understand when to use this method. The Windows 10 Installation Tool is a program that puts a Windows 10 installation file on a USB and makes the USB bootable. This is only useful when using Windows to create a Windows 10 installation USB.
  2. 2
    Open the Windows 10 installation page. This page contains the tool that you'll use to create your bootable USB flash drive.
  3. 3
    Insert a flash drive into your computer. Your USB flash drive should plug into one of the rectangular USB ports on your computer's housing. Flash drives only fit one way, so don't force the drive if it doesn't fit.
    • Your USB flash drive should be at leas 8 gigabytes in size.
  4. 4
    Click Download tool now. It's a blue button in the middle of the page. Doing so will prompt the installation tool's setup file to download onto your computer.
  5. 5
    Open the installation tool. Double-click the downloaded installation tool file, then click Yes when prompted.
    • The installation tool will be in your browser's default "Downloads" folder (e.g., the desktop).
  6. 6
    Click Accept. It's at the bottom of the installation tool's window.
  7. 7
    Check the "Create installation media" box. You'll find this in the middle of the window.
  8. 8
    Click Next. It's in the bottom-right corner of the window.
  9. 9
    Click Next again. Doing so will select your computer's attributes as the ones to apply to the installation file.
    • If you want to choose a different language, edition, and architecture (e.g., 32-bit) than the defaults for your computer, uncheck the "Use the recommended options for this PC" box and change the values needed before clicking Next.
  10. 10
    Check the "USB flash drive" box. It's in the middle of the window.
  11. 11
    Click Next.
  12. 12
    Select a drive. Click the name of the drive that you want to use.
  13. 13
    Click Next. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing so will prompt the tool to begin formatting your flash drive for the Windows 10 installation—a process which includes erasing the flash drive's existing files, making it bootable, and adding the Windows 10 ISO file.
  1. Method 4
  2. 1
    Plug a USB flash drive into your computer. Your USB flash drive should plug into one of the rectangular USB ports on your computer's housing. Flash drives only fit one way, so don't force the drive if it doesn't fit.
    • The USB flash drive must have at least 4 gigabytes of free space on it.
  3. 2
    Obtain a Windows 7 ISO file. To do so:
    • Go to the Windows 7 download page.
    • Enter your Windows 7 product key.
    • Click Verify
    • Select a language.
    • Click Confirm
    • Select a Download option (32-bit or 64-bit).
  4. 3
    Open the Windows USB/DVD Download Tool page. This page contains a tool that allows you to make a USB flash drive bootable and place the Windows 7 installation file on it.
  5. 4
    Click Download. It's an orange button in the middle of the page.
  6. 5
    Select a language. Click the checkbox to the left of the version of the tool that you want to use. For example, if you want a version that uses U.S. English, you'd find the one with "US" near the end of its name.
  7. 6
    Click Next. It's a blue button in the lower-right side of the page. This will prompt the tool to download onto your computer.
  8. 7
    Install the Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool program. Double-click the downloaded setup file, then follow the on-screen instructions.
  9. 8
    Open the program. Double-click the "Windows 7 USB DVD Download Tool" icon on your desktop. A new window will open.
    • If prompted, click Yes before proceeding.
  10. 9
    Select your Windows 7 ISO file. Click Browse, then click the ISO file that you downloaded earlier and click Open.
  11. 10
    Click Next. It's at the bottom of the window.
  12. 11
    Click USB device. This button is in the bottom-right corner of the window.
  13. 12
    Select your USB flash drive. Click the flash drive name that you want to use.
  14. 13
    Click Begin copying. This button is in the lower-right corner of the window. Doing so will prompt the tool to make the USB flash drive bootable and copy the Windows 7 installation file onto the flash drive.
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